NHTSA: 定義0-5級的自動駕駛,

 NHTSA: 美國的主管機關定義了0-5級的自動駕駛,

https://www.nhtsa.gov/technology-innovation/automated-vehicles 

LEVELS OF AUTOMATION WHO DOES WHAT, WHEN

Level 0  The human driver does all the driving.
Level 1 An advanced driver assistance system (ADAS) on the vehicle can sometimes assist the human driver with either steering or braking/accelerating, but not both simultaneously.
Level 2 An advanced driver assistance system (ADAS) on the vehicle can itself actually control both steering and braking/accelerating simultaneously under some circumstances.  The human driver must continue to pay full attention (“monitor the driving environment”) at all times and perform the rest of the driving task.
Level 3 An automated driving system (ADS) on the vehicle can itself perform all aspects of the driving task under some circumstances.  In those circumstances, the human driver must be ready to take back control at any time when the ADS requests the human driver to do so.  In all other circumstances, the human driver performs the driving task.
Level 4 An automated driving system (ADS) on the vehicle can itself perform all driving tasks and monitor the driving environment – essentially, do all the driving – in certain circumstances.  The human need not pay attention in those circumstances.
Level 5 An automated driving system (ADS) on the vehicle can do all the driving in all circumstances.  The human occupants are just passengers and need never be involved in driving.

同時也訴求V2V的通訊標準 DSRC (專用短距離通訊),DSRC communications are currently designed to travel in a specific band of the electromagnetic spectrum – specifically, around 5.9 GHz, as allocated by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) in 1999. The FCC has the authority to allocate sections of the spectrum to various uses within the United States,114 and is currently considering whether to “share” the 5850-5925 MHz bands with “Unlicensed-National Information Infrastructure” (U- NII) devices. U-NII devices provide short-range, high-speed unlicensed wireless connections in the 5 GHz band for, among other applications, Wi-Fi-enabled radio local area networks, cordless telephones, and fixed outdoor broadband transceivers used by wireless Internet service providers.

https://www.nhtsa.gov/sites/nhtsa.dot.gov/files/readiness-of-v2v-technology-for-application-812014.pdf

NHTSA’s scope and legal authority and how it applies to vehicle to vehicle communication  Integrated OEM V2V technologies.
Integrated aftermarket equipment .
 Non-integrated aftermarket equipment .
 Software that aids or updates the V2V system.
Roadside infrastructure (V2I) .